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The following page uses this file: File:Soviet Union national anthem instrumental The following other wikis use this file: Usage on ab. Author Orchestra of the Ministry of Defence, N. Mikhailov, cond. When the Comintern was dissolved in , the government argued that 'The Internationale', which was historically associated with the Comintern, should be replaced as the National Anthem of the Soviet Union.
Alexandrov's music was chosen as the new anthem by the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin after a contest in Stalin praised the song for fulfilling what a national anthem should be, though he criticized the song's orchestration.
In response, Alexandrov blamed the problems on Viktor Knushevitsky, who was responsible for orchestrating the entries for the final contest rounds. Zhit Stalo Luchshe , a musical comedy that he composed. Da zdravstvuyet nasha derzhava , became a popular patriotic song and was adopted as the anthem of Transnistria. During the debate on the anthem, Boris Gryzlov, the leader of the Unity faction in the Duma, noted that the music which Alexandrov wrote for the Soviet anthem was similar to Vasily Kalinnikov's overture, 'Bylina'.
Another musical work has also been discovered, with identical or near-identical music, that long predates Alexandrov's involvement with the Anthem of the USSR. A Ukrainian Scouting Plast anthem from c. The music and words are found in various Plast handbooks and songbooks, and a performance of this song in can be viewed on YouTube. The Piasetsky-Tysovsky anthem actually glorifies the Ukrainian independence movement, which had the support of the Plast organization.
After selecting the music by Alexandrov for the national anthem, Stalin needed new lyrics. He thought that the song was short and, because of the Great Patriotic War, that it needed a statement about the impending defeat of Germany by the Red Army. The poets Sergey Mikhalkov and Gabriel El-Registan were called to Moscow by one of Stalin's staffers, and were told to fix the lyrics to Alexandrov's music.
They were instructed to keep the verses the same, but to find a way to change the refrains which described 'a Country of Soviets'. Because of the difficulty of expressing the concepts of the Great Patriotic War in song, that idea was dropped from the version which El-Registan and Mikhalkov completed overnight.
After a few minor changes to emphasize the Russian Motherland, Stalin approved the anthem and had it published on 7 November , [30] [31] including a line about Stalin 'inspir[ing] us to keep the faith with the people'. After Stalin's death in , the Soviet government examined his legacy. The government began the de-Stalinization process, which included downplaying the role of Stalin and moving his corpse from Lenin's Mausoleum to the Kremlin Wall Necropolis.
In private, this anthem became known the 'Song Without Words'. The new lyrics, which eliminated any mention of Stalin, were approved on 1 September, and were made official with the printing of the new Soviet Constitution in October With the impending collapse of the Soviet Union in early , a new national anthem was needed to help define the reorganized nation and to reject the Soviet past.
However, he instead selected a piece composed by Mikhail Glinka. The Patriotic Song , was a wordless piano composition discovered after Glinka's death. The draft, among other things, reads that:. The text of the National Anthem of the Russian Federation shall be endorsed by the federal law [41].
But conflict between President and Congress made passage of that draft less likely: the Congress shifted onto more and more rewriting of the Russian Constitution, while President pushed forward with new draft Constitution, which doesn't define state symbols. After Russian constitutional crisis and just one day before the constitutional referendum i.
According to Article 70 of the Constitution, state symbols which are an anthem, flag and coat of arms required further definition by future legislation. Between and , many votes were called for in the State Duma to retain 'Patrioticheskaya Pesnya' as the official anthem of Russia.
However, it faced stiff opposition from members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, who wanted the Soviet anthem restored. When 'Patrioticheskaya Pesnya' was used as the national anthem, it never had official lyrics. A committee set up by the government looked at over entries, and 20 were recorded by an orchestra for a final vote. The eventual winner was Viktor Radugin's 'Be glorious, Russia!
One of the reasons that partially explained the lack of lyrics was the original use of Glinka's composition: the praise of the Tsar and of the Russian Orthodox Church. The anthem debate intensified in October when Yeltsin's successor, Vladimir Putin, was approached by Russian athletes who were concerned that they had no words to sing for the anthem during the medal ceremonies at the Summer Olympic Games.
Putin brought public attention to the issue and put it before the State Council. In a November session of the Federation Council, Putin stated that establishing the national symbols anthem, flag and coat of arms should be a top priority for the country. He did not say how much of the old Soviet lyrics should be retained for the new anthem.
After receiving over 6, manuscripts from all sectors of Russian society, [59] the committee selected lyrics by Mikhalkov for the anthem. Before the official adoption of the lyrics, the Kremlin released a section of the anthem, which made a reference to the flag and coat of arms:. His mighty wings spread above us The Russian eagle is hovering high The Fatherland's tricolor symbol Is leading Russia's peoples to victory. The above lines were omitted from the final version of the lyrics.
After the bill was approved by the Federation Council on 20 December, [61] 'On the National Anthem of the Russian Federation' was signed into law by President Putin on 25 December, officially making Alexandrov's music the national anthem of Russia. The law was published two days later in the official government Newspaper of record Rossiyskaya Gazeta. Not everyone agreed with the adoption of the new anthem. Yeltsin argued that Putin should not have changed the anthem merely to 'follow blindly the mood of the people'.
The liberal political party Yabloko stated that the re-adoption of the Soviet anthem 'deepened the schism in Russian society'. The other national symbols used by Russia in , the white-blue-red flag and the double-headed eagle coat of arms, were also given legal approval by Putin in December, thus ending the debate over the national symbols. He also stated that, while Russia's march towards democracy would not be stopped, [68] the rejection of the Soviet era would have left the lives of their mothers and fathers bereft of meaning.
The Russian national anthem is set to the melody of the Soviet anthem used since As a result, there have been several controversies related to its use.
For instance, some—including cellist Mstislav Rostropovich—have vowed not to stand during the anthem. A former adviser to both Yeltsin and Mikhail Gorbachev, the last President of the Soviet Union, stated that, when 'Stalin's hymn' was used as the national anthem of the Soviet Union, horrific crimes took place.
At the funeral of Yeltsin, the Russian state anthem was played as his coffin was laid to rest at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow. Mikhalkov's words evoke 'feelings of patriotism, respect for the history of the country and its system of government.
It was also noted in the survey that the younger generation was the most familiar with the words. In September , a line from the lyrics used during Stalin's rule reappeared at the Moscow Metro station Kurskaya-Koltsevaya: 'We were raised by Stalin to be true to the people, inspiring us to feats of labour and heroism. Most of the commentary surrounding this event focused on the Kremlin's attempt to 'rehabilitate the image' of Stalin by using symbolism sympathetic to or created by him.
The Communist Party strongly supported the restoration of Alexandrov's melody, but some members proposed other changes to the anthem.
Nikonov argued that religion should be a private matter and should not be used by the state. The Russian Government quickly rejected the request because it lacked statistical data and other findings. Regulations for the performance of the national anthem are set forth in the law signed by President Putin on 25 December
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